Computed tomography (CT) enables non-destructive analysis of geological cores, soils, rocks, minerals (Kalasova, Meteorit. Planet. Sci., 2020), and engineering materials, while preserving samples for further measurements and complementary analytical methods. CT provides comprehensive information about the internal structure and properties of the materials under investigation. The technique is applied in engineering geology, tectonics, hydrogeology, paleontology (Rocek, Sladek, Anat. Rec., 2015), sedimentology, and petrology. CT data can be used to quantitatively assess properties such as porosity, density, the distribution of individual material components and cavities, and wall thickness. The results can subsequently be visualized using color-coded 2D cross-sections and detailed 3D models.
Computed tomography (CT) enables non-destructive 2D and 3D analysis of the internal structures of delicate historical and archaeological objects, including paintings, sculptures (Friml, J. Cult. Herit., 2014), archaeological ceramics (Novotna, Spectrochim. Acta B, 2020), wood, bones, and textile fibers. CT makes it possible to identify structural elements, hidden features, previous restoration interventions, and individual stages of an object's creation and modification. Analysis of porosity, cracks, cavities, and other forms of damage provides valuable information for assessing the condition of artifacts and planning conservation or restoration treatments. The acquired 3D data can also be used for accurate digital documentation, replica creation, educational and museum purposes, or 3D printing. Combining CT with chemical and material imaging techniques, such as MA-XRF, SEM, or LIBS, enables comprehensive artifact characterization and the creation of extensive 3D datasets integrating information about internal structures and material composition.
